The sensors used are silicon phototransistors and Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) photocells. Both of these sensors allow less current to flow when they are dark than when lighted. Phototransistors change their conductance while photocells change their resistance depending on the intensity of the light falling on them.
Basic Phototransistor Detector : In this circuit, when the light falling on the phototransistor (Q1) is blocked, its conductance will decrease and the voltage across Q1 will rise. When the voltage rises above 1/2 of the supply voltage the output of the comparator will turn ON and the LED will be lit.
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Basic CdS Photocell Detector : In this circuit, when the light falling on the photocell (PC 1) is blocked, its resistance will increase and the voltage across PC 1 will rise. When the voltage rises above 1/2 of the supply voltage the output of the comparator will turn ON and the LED will be lit.
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